Saving Bats to Save Ourselves: How to Stop the Tragedy of the Commons

Description

One in five mammal species on Earth is a bat, yet they remain some of the most overlooked and misunderstood creatures in conservation. Bats pollinate crops, control pests, and spread seeds over large areas. But as climate change pushes temperatures and rainfall to new extremes, many forests are increasingly at risk of catching fire, threatening both the wildlife and communities that depend on them. What happens when the land-management knowledge communities have relied on for generations no longer matches reality, and how can species like bats become the catalysts to realign them?

In this episode, Nate is joined by Nigerian bat biologist Iroro Tanshi to explore how the rediscovery of a bat species unseen in Nigeria for 45 years – and a wildfire that destroyed half its habitat just days later – launched a community-led fire prevention program. Iroro explains how listening to farmers, who no longer knew when it was safe to burn their fields, led to a simple fire danger warning system that local leaders then backed with their own bylaws, directly addressing tragedy-of-the-commons dynamics. She also shares what it’s like to navigate conversations about climate and biodiversity with rural Nigerian communities, and how her team is now scaling their fire management solution across the tropics.

What can a tragedy of the commons in rural Nigeria teach us about collective action everywhere? Why might the people experiencing the worst impacts of climate change also be the ones best equipped to lead the response? And in a world drifting toward extremes, what are the fundamental human practices we’ll need to relearn in order to adapt to a future that will look very different from the past?

Thumbnail image credits: Etinosa Yvonne

About Iroro Tanshi

Iroro Tanshi is a Nigerian ecologist and conservationist whose work focuses on field biology, biodiversity research, and community-led conservation. She earned a PhD in biology from Texas Tech University, where she also received the Horn Distinguished Professors Graduate Research Award for her work in African biodiversity conservation and community engagement. Tanshi’s work in Nigeria led to the 2016 rediscovery of the critically endangered short-tailed roundleaf bat – a species that had not been recorded there for roughly four decades. She helped to spark the “Zero Wildfire Campaign” with local communities in order to end harmful land burning practices that contributed to the decline of key bat populations. In the process she co-founded the Small Mammal Conservation Organization (SMACON), whose work in the Southern Nigeria region continues to conserve both individual species, and the forests and social systems on which biodiversity depends. 

Tanshi’s research and conservation career has earned international recognition – this includes the Future for Nature Award in 2020, the Whitley Award in 2021, the Pritzker Emerging Environmental Genius Award in 2023, the 2026 Goldman Environmental Prize, and being recognized as a National Geographic explorer. Much of her recent work has focused on Afi Mountain Wildlife Sanctuary and other remaining primary forests in southeastern Nigeria, where biodiversity conservation is inseparable from the realities of farming, fire, livelihoods, governance, and local decision-making. Tanshi continues to put into action a social-ecological approach to conservation that treats local communities as collaborators, not obstacles. She prioritizes building trust, aligning incentives, developing local expertise, and making conservation durable through local agency.